Placing volunteered geographic health information: Socio-spatial bias in 311 bed bug report data for New York City

Health researchers and policy-makers increasingly use volunteered geographic information (VGI) to analyze spatial variation in health and wellbeing and to develop interventions. As socially constructed data, health VGI reflect the people who perceive issues and choose to report them, and the digital systems that structure the reporting process. We propose a conceptual framework that describes the interlocking effects of socioeconomic, behavioral, geographic, and technological processes on VGI accuracy and credibility. GIS and statistical methods are used to analyze social and geographical biases in health-related VGI through a case study of bed bug complaint data from New York City's 311 system. Reports of bed bug infestation from 311 are mapped and modeled to uncover associations with socioeconomic and built environment characteristics. Factors associated with bed bug report credibility are examined by comparing characteristics of confirmed reports with those for reports in which inspectors found no evidence of infestation (negative reports). A multilevel model of credibility incorporating report-, building-, and tract-level variables reveals strong geographical and socioeconomic biases, with negative reports generated more frequently from high-value residential buildings located in high-income neighborhoods with predominately white, non-Hispanic populations. Using 311 data for all bed bug reports, rather than confirmed reports, obscures the burden of these pests in high poverty neighborhoods and diminishes socioeconomic disparities. Mistaken reporting also has economic costs, as each report triggers an inspection by city inspectors that entails time, monetary, and opportunity costs.     

Migrant Workers in Agriculture: A View from Thailand

There has been a dramatic increase in the global movement of workers during the last few decades. As Thailand has developed rapidly over the past 20 years, it has attracted laborers (both authorized and unauthorized) from the neighboring countries of Myanmar, People’s Democratic Republic of Lao (Lao PDR), and Cambodia. Given that agriculture has been Thailand’s most important industry, its continued growth has been dependent on migrant workers. Both crop agriculture and animal-production agriculture have employed migrant labor. Migrants have been hired to plant, weed, fertilize, spray pesticides, and harvest crops such as rice, corn, sugar cane, and cassava. They have worked at rubber and coffee plantations, as well as in the production of ornamental crops. Also, migrants have labored on pig, beef, and duck farms. There have been numerous documented health problems among migrant workers, including acute diarrhea, malaria, and fever of unknown causes. Occupational illness and injury have been a significant concern, and there has been limited health and safety training. This article reviewed the demographic changes in Thailand, studied the agricultural crops and animal production that are dependent on migrant labor, discussed the health status and safety challenges pertaining to migrant workers in agriculture, and described several recommendations. Among the recommendations, the conclusions of this study have suggested that addressing the cost for health care and solutions to health care access for migrant labor are needed.     

医院图书馆精细化信息服务探讨

分析精细化服务的含义，探讨精细化知识/信息服务的措施和途径，包括服务内容精细、服务过程个性化、服务方法人性化，指出精细化信息服务对医院图书馆员的要求。医院图书馆需要通过精细化服务，为临床医护人员提供高质量的医学信息资源，提高其信息素养和信息资源获取能力。     

优质护理服务在护理临床带教中的效果分析

目的探究在护理临床带教中使用优质护理服务理念的效果。方法随机抽取我院2017年2月—2018年2月40名护生(对照组,应用传统带教模式)及2018年3月—2020年3月40名护生(观察组,应用优质护理服务理念开展临床带教)作为观察对象,对比两组护生考核成绩、综合实习能力(语言沟通能力、分析解决问题能力及应急能力)评分。结果观察组护生护理理论知识、护理技能考核成绩均高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组护生语言沟通能力、分析解决问题能力及应急能力得分较对照组更高,P<0.05。结论在护理临床带教中使用优质护理服务理念更有助于护生掌握护理知识及技能,提升其综合能力,教学效果更佳。     

How clerks understand the requests of people living with aphasia in service encounters

ABSTRACT

Aphasia often restricts participation. People living with aphasia (PLWA) engage in fewer activities, which leads to fewer interactions than before aphasia. Analyses of interactions with non-familiar people in activities of daily life could provide knowledge about how to integrate these situations in rehabilitation and facilitate ongoing PLWA participation post-rehabilitation. This qualitative study is the first to examine how PLWA make their requests understood in service encounters despite aphasia. Six people living with moderate or severe aphasia were video-recorded in situations of service encounters, e.g., pharmacies, specialised shops, restaurants, and others. We identified fifty-nine occurrences with one or several difficulties in the formulation of the request. They were examined, including the clerks’ responses and ensuing interaction using multimodal conversation analysis. Results showed that PLWA used nonverbal communication within the physical environment and the context of the interaction to support verbal production. In the majority of situations, the clerks understood the request promptly. In other situations, they both collaborated to achieve a clear understanding of the request. Moreover, the findings attest to the competence of people living with moderate or severe aphasia in engaging in service encounters and add to the knowledge base about interaction and social participation in aphasia.     

基于网络药理学中药复方“三药三方”治疗新冠肺炎的分期治疗分析＊

目的 本研究探究中药复方“三药三方”在新冠肺炎治疗发挥药理作用的多成分、多靶点和多通路的分子机理以及复方药味归经的中医联系，探究“三药三方”药理作用的异同。方法 通过ETCM数据库获取“三药三方”的成分、靶点、药味归经，用STRING数据库进行蛋白互作网络构建，用DAVID和Metascape数据库进行靶标功能富集分析，利用Cytoscape软件构建和分析可视化网络图。结果 “三药三方”多重点作用于脾经和肺经，初期和中期复方重点作用于肺经和胃经，重症期复方重点作用于肝经和心经，通用方的温性药比例最大，初期和中期复方寒性药比例最大，“三药三方”药味均以苦味、辛味、甘味为主。共同化合物中Alexandrin（胡萝卜甙）与Nsp（N7-MTase）（非结构蛋白C端鸟嘌呤-N7甲基转移酶），Oleanolic Acid（齐墩果酸）与E protein（ion channel）（包膜小膜蛋白）有良好结合力。复方调控共同之处：包含共同子模块γ-氨基丁酸受体亚基相互作用以及细胞色素、ATP依赖转位酶和核受体的相互作用，参与调控16条生物通路涉及①神经保护作用；②免疫调节以及抗炎症风暴调节；③内分泌调节以及性激素调控；④能量代谢调控；⑤药物代谢；⑥其他通路。不同之处：“三药三方”也存在各自特异调控的通路，金花清感颗粒和莲花清瘟胶囊参与ACE2相关通路Renin-angiotensin system（肾素-血管紧张素系统）的调节，同时6种复方有各自的子模块相互作用蛋白。结论 “三药三方”在治疗新冠病毒体现辨证论治、治病求因、正气存内、已病防变的中医治疗原则，并且通过网络药理学初步揭示“三药三方”功能调控以及异同之处，阐述“三药三方”通过多成分-多靶点-多通路的综合调控之间的异同关系。